Audio Video: Radio

ABSTRACT

Radio and Television have been traditional form of mass communication for years; they have been instrumental for information, entertainment and education.

They encircle development, information shared through these medium present what will be necessary for present or future development. Over the years, it has become necessary to know the average number of listeners or viewers onto a radio or TV show; this is important for advertising and marketing; ratings and promotions; influence and growth and many other purpose. There are certain technologies used in knowing this, others have been through poll taking audience measurement, there are also estimation based on feedback, these have been effective in the way they come. This research paper presents a technology that will be used to detect the number of people tuned in to a radio station at any given time. Since radio waves are broadcasted from transmitting antennas of radio stations with an amount of power (in watts) and frequency (in Hertz), the effective power radiated can be calculated. This value, the gain and radiation intensity can lead to a measurement of maximum reach of the radio waves in different directions. Since these waves are spread out in all direction, there are imaginary lines of propagation which can be detected by a new antenna design of this research posits. These waves get intercepted by radio receivers while tuned to a station. This will detect the number of devices tuned in at anytime, and will also detect the number of devices intercepting the radio waves from that area. This research is important and it is only the beginning of what may extend to all forms of radio waves propagation.

1.0                                              INTRODUCTION

A radio wave receiver or radio set is a device which detects the power generated in an antenna, and transforms it into useable form. [1] It detects, demodulates and amplifies signals transmitted. In the phenomenon of waves in physics, there is what is known as radio waves, radio waves are electromagnetic waves of wavelength range 0.5cm – 30,000m; it is radio waves that radio set receives.

Electromagnetic waves are waves that have electrical and magnetic field components, these fields are usually in phase, perpendicular to each other and travel at the speed of light. [2] They are classified using frequency and wavelength, the classification is given as a spectrum where frequency increases and wavelength decreases.

Radio waves can be reflected when they hit a surface; they can also be bent or refracted to another direction when they travel from one medium to another. They exhibit other characteristics of electromagnetic waves such as scattering, absorption, diffraction and polarization.

When radio waves hit a surface along its direction of propagation, the nature of the surface will determine if its energy will be absorbed or reflected, this casts a shadow beyond the surface or material and some radio wave energy does not enter the shadow area, they are said to be diffracted in what is called diffraction.[1]

When radio waves are aligned in the direction of electric component of the electromagnetic field, they are said to be polarised with respect to the direction, the process is called polarisation. Radio waves are continuous waves and are attenuated with further distance.

In a broadcast station, there are processes that take place using available equipments for radio signals to be ‘created’ and sent to be received by devices anywhere within the reach of the transmitting power and frequency of the radio waves.

Radio transmitter, antenna, amplifier and mast, are part of radio waves broadcast equipments available in broadcast stations. Radio transmitter is an electronic device that generates and sends radio waves together with an antenna. An amplifier or more specifically a power amplifier increases the power of the signal thereby increasing the reach of the radio waves.

Effective radiated power can be used to calculate the coverage of the radio station or simply the reach of the radio waves. So there is a region of radio wave termination or fade off. With that information available to ‘a new kind of’ transmitting antenna, this research will help detect all radio waves that are ‘intercepted’ or received by devices within the coverage area not reaching the coverage ‘boundary or termination point’ and note the numbers to have a count.

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Stephen -
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